Tools
The above calculator is for informational purposes only, it should not be considered medical advice.
Based on below study (80 patients aged 65 and older):
Ikemoto T, Hirasawa A, Kojima S, Arai YC, Deie M. Two key symptoms for detecting vertebral compression fracture among elderly people with acute low back pain. Spine Surg Relat Res. 2022;6(5):512-517.
Physical Exam Signs
Closed-fist percussion sign (87.5 sensitive, 90% specific)
The examiner stands behind the patient. The patient stands facing a mirror so that the examiner can gauge their reaction. The entire length of the spine is examined using firm, closed-fist percussion. The clinical sign is positive when the patient complains of a sharp, sudden, fracture pain.
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Supine Sign (81.3% sensitive, 93.3% specific)
The patient is asked to lie supine on the examination couch with only one pillow. The clinical sign is positive when a patient is unable to lie supine due to severe pain in their spine.
The physical exam signs are for informational purposes only, it should not be considered medical advice.
Based on below study (83 patients aged 72 and older):
Langdon J, Way A, Heaton S, Bernard J, Molloy S. Vertebral compression fractures--new clinical signs to aid diagnosis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2010;92(2):163-166.
The below infographic was created by the International Osteoporosis Foundation.
How Do I Know If I Have a Vertebral Compression Fracture?
Vertebral compression fractures often go undetected, mistaken for routine back pain or the effects of aging. But if your pain began suddenly, especially after a minor movement like bending or lifting, it could signal something more serious.
What’s the Difference Between a Compression Fracture and Other Types of Back Pain?
Unlike general muscle strain or arthritis, a compression fracture typically causes sharp, localized back pain that intensifies with standing or walking and eases when lying flat. You might also notice a sudden drop in height or a slight stoop in posture over time.
Many people with spinal fractures don’t realize it right away. In fact, these injuries can be silent at first, causing no immediate symptoms. But untreated, they can lead to progressive spinal deformity, chronic pain, and even impaired mobility.
Who Is at Risk?
These fractures are most common in older adults, particularly those with osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to breakage. Women over 65, especially those who are postmenopausal or have a history of smoking or long-term steroid use, are at higher risk. But men aren’t immune; age, bone loss, or certain cancers can all contribute.
When Should You See a Specialist?
If your back pain is new, severe, and came on without a clear injury, or if simple tasks now cause unexpected discomfort, it’s worth talking to a spine specialist. Early detection can make a significant difference in your treatment options and long-term outcomes.